Temperature

Seasonal Temperature Outlook: September-November 2023 (SON)

Issued: 31 Aug 2023

For SON 2023, the models predict an increased chance of above-normal temperature over most of the ASEAN region.

For SON 2023, above-normal temperature is predicted for most of the ASEAN region based on the multi-model ensemble (Figure 4). All three models agree with high confidence on above-normal temperature over most of the region, apart from over parts of the southern Maritime Continent where there is a moderate to high confidence of above-normal temperature. In the southern Maritime Continent, the NCEP model (Figure 1) predicts the highest confidence of above normal temperature, whereas the ECMWF and UKMO models (Figures 2 and 3) predict relatively lower confidence for above normal temperature or near normal temperature.  Models’ skill for predicting below- and above-normal temperature for the ASEAN region is relatively good.

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Figure 1: Temperature tercile summary predictions of NCEP model for SON 2023 (contains modified Copernicus C3S information).
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Figure 2: Temperature tercile summary predictions of ECMWF model for SON 2023 (contains modified Copernicus C3S information).
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Figure 5: Average climatological temperature for SON based on ERA5 (Reference period: 1991-2020).

The qualitative outlook is assessed for the region in general. For specific updates on the national scale, the relevant ASEAN National Meteorological and Hydrological Services should be consulted.