Temperature

Seasonal Temperature Outlook: November 2023 - January 2024 (NDJ)

Issued: 31 Oct 2023

For NDJ 2023-2024, the models predict an increased chance of above-normal temperature over most of the ASEAN region.

For NDJ 2023-2024, above-normal temperature is predicted for most of the ASEAN region based on the multi-model ensemble (Figure 4). All three models agree with high confidence on above-normal temperature over most of the region, especially over the land. In the southern Maritime Continent, the NCEP and ECMWF models (Figures 1 and 2) predict above-normal temperature with the highest confidence, and the UK Met Office model (Figure 3) predicts above-normal temperature over much of the region apart from the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean where below-normal temperature is predicted. Models’ skill for predicting below- and above-normal temperature for the ASEAN region is relatively good.

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Figure 1: Temperature tercile summary predictions of NCEP model for NDJ 2023-2024 (contains modified Copernicus C3S information).
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Figure 2: Temperature tercile summary predictions of ECMWF model for NDJ 2023-2024 (contains modified Copernicus C3S information).
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Figure 5: Average climatological temperature for NDJ based on ERA5 (Reference period: 1991-2020).

The qualitative outlook is assessed for the region in general. For specific updates on the national scale, the relevant ASEAN National Meteorological and Hydrological Services should be consulted.